However, when James II began transferring Irish regiments to England in 1688, broadsides of the lyrics were printed, and "Lillibullero" became immensely popular by October. The song initially made very little impression on the public. : 169 "Lilliburlero" (with -rl) was the watchword used by Irish Catholics during the Irish Rebellion of 1641.
Wharton's conceit is a sarcastic conversation between two Irishmen about the imminent arrival of the Catholic Talbot, and its dire implications for the Protestants.
The rakish Wharton was satirizing King James II's appointment of Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell as Lord Deputy of Ireland. Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, the subject of the songĪlso in 1686, Lord Thomas Wharton composed lyrics for Purcell's tune. Writing over 200 years later, William Chappell surmised that Purcell's tune deserves nine-tenths of the credit for the popularity of the song. It was first published that year in The Delightful Companion, John Playford's method book for recorder. There is no extant manuscript of this 1686 march. The melody is found in the second half of Purcell's piece, the quickstep. It has been attributed to Henry Purcell, but whether Purcell composed the melody or only fitted the bass is a question not finally settled. Henry Purcell is alleged to have composed the melody of "Lillibulero" for a march in 1686, but this is still disputed:
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